Atomic physics - how long does an atom "live"?

Explanation of lifetime measurement techniques at an electron beam ion trap


Atomic lifetime measurements
at the Livermore electron beam ion traps

Isolectronic sequence Ion Level Lifetime Observation Reference
He I N5+ 1s2s 3S13.93±0.05 msx-ray 5
O6+956±5 µsx-ray 2
F7+276±2 µsx-ray 5
Ne8+91.7±0.4 µsx-ray 3
Mg10+13.61±0.49 µsx-ray 1
S14+703±4 nsx-ray 13
Be IAr14+2s2p 3Po215.0±0.8 msvis 6
K15+7.65±0.50 msvis 7
B ICl12+ 2s22p 2Po3/221.0±0.5 msvis 9
Ar13+9.30±0.12 msvis 6
K14+4.43±0.10 msvis 7
F IAr9+2s22p5 2Po1/29.70±0.15 msvis 6
K10+4.46±0.10 msvis 7
Ne IFe16+2s22p53s 3Po24.91+0.23-0.08 µsX ray 14
Al IFe13+ 3s23p 2Po3/216.74±0.12 msvis 10
Si IKr22+3s23p2 3P26.82±0.10 msuv 4
P IKr21+3s23p3 2Do5/20.80±0.03 msuv 8
Ar IKr18+3s23p53d 3Po22.3±0.1 msvis 8
Kr18+3s23p53d 3Fo24.2±0.5 msvis 8
K IKr17+3s23p63d 2D5/222.7±1.0 msvis 8
Ca IKr16+3s23p63d2 3P2approx. 4.2 msvis 8
Ni IXe26+ (nat. isotope mix) 3d94s 3D311.5±0.5 msXUV 11
132Xe26+ 3d94s 3D315.06±0.24 msXUV 12
129Xe26+ 3d94s 3D3(F=7/2) 15.1±0.5 ms XUV 12
129Xe26+ 3d94s 3D3(F=5/2) 2.7±0.1 ms XUV 12
Cs27+3d94s 3D3 8.2±2 msXUV 11
Ba28+3d94s 3D34.3±3.6 msXUV 11


Atomic lifetime measurements
at other electron beam ion traps

Isolectronic sequence Ion Level Lifetime Observation Laboratory
Be IAr14+2s2p 3Po215.0±0.7 msvis Oxford EBIT (1998)
B IAr13+2s22p 2Po3/28.7±0.5 msvis NIST EBIT (1998)
9.597±0.021 ms vis Heidelberg EBIT (2004)
9.573(4)(5) ms vis Heidelberg EBIT (2005)
Al IFe13+ 3s23p 2Po3/216.726+0.020-0.010 ms vis Heidelberg EBIT (2006)
Si IKr22+3s23p2 3P25.7±0.5 msuv NIST EBIT (1998)
Cl IFe9+3s23p5 2P1/214.2±0.2 msvis Heidelberg EBIT (2009)
Ti IXe32+3d43p3 5D32.15±0.14 msuv NIST EBIT (1997)

References
1) G. S. Stefanelli, P. Beiersdorfer, V. Decaux, K. Widmann, Phys. Rev. A 52, 3651 (1995)
2) J. R. Crespo López-Urrutia, P. Beiersdorfer, D. W. Savin, K. Widmann, Phys. Rev. A 57, 238 (1998)
3) E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, G. V. Brown, A. J. Smith, S. B. Utter, M. F. Gu, D. W. Savin, Phys. Rev. A 60, 2034 (1999)
4) E. Träbert, S. B. Utter, P. Beiersdorfer, Phys. Lett. A 272, 86 (2000)
5) P. A. Neill, E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, G. V. Brown, C. L. Harris, A. J. Smith, S. B. Utter, K. L. Wong, Physica Scripta 62, 141 (2000)
6) E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, S. B. Utter, G. V. Brown, H. Chen, C. L. Harris, P. A. Neill, D. W. Savin, A. J. Smith, Astrophys. J. 541 (1), 506 (2000)
7) E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, G. V. Brown, H. Chen, C. L. Harris, E. H. Pinnington, D. B. Thorn, Phys. Rev. A 64, 034501 (2001)
8) E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, G. V. Brown, H. Chen, D. B. Thorn, E. Biémont, Phys. Rev. A 64, 042511 (2001)
9) E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, G. Gwinner, E. H. Pinnington, A. Wolf, Phys. Rev. A 66, 052507 (2002)
10) P. Beiersdorfer, E. Träbert, E. H. Pinnington, Astrophys. J. 587, 836 (2003)
11) E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, G. V. Brown, K. R. Boyce, R. L. Kelley, C. A. Kilbourne, F. S. Porter, A. Szymkowiak, Phys. Rev. A 73, 022508 (2006)
12) E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer, G. V. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 263001 (2007)
13) J. R. Crespo López-Urrutia, P. Beiersdorfer, K. Widmann, Phys. Rev. A 74, 012507 (2006)

Three recent reviews cover more measurements of such long atomic level lifetimes, using a variety of ion trap types, and give references to the physics context.
Physica Scripta 61, 257 (2000)
Physica Scripta T 100, 88 (2002)
Can. J. Phys. 80, 1481 (2002)
Talk at 20 Years of Spectroscopy at EBIT meeting, Berkeley (11/2007)
Talk at Mullard Space Science Laboratory and at Cambridge University (12/2007)

This way to the

University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Electron Beam Ion Trap
(new directorate, web site lagging, temporarily hosted at Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley)

Livermore EBIT lifetime papers

Lifetime measurements at the Heidelberg heavy-ion storage ring TSR

E. Träbert Home page

Page updated on 27 Jan 2010